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526.                 Saville, Gregory and Wong, Paul. "Cultivating New Urban Forms: Introducing Situational Prevention Measures into the Planning Process of Multinucleated Centres." Paper presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology. San Francisco, 1991.

527.                 Saville, Gregory. "Transdisciplinarity, Environmental Criminology, and the Toronto Subway Security Audit," Security Journal. Vol. 2(4):291-296. 1991.

528.                 Saville, Gregory. "Planning and Environmental Criminology: Development of a Hybrid," Ontario Planning Journal. Vol. 3(2):5-6. 1988.

529.                 Saville, G. and R. Murdie. 1988. “The Spatial Analysis of Motor Vehicle Theft: A Case Study in Peel Region.” Journal of Police Science and Administration. Vol. 16(2):125-34.

530.                 Scarr, H.A. Patterns of Burglary. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973.

531.                 Schaffer, E.B. Community Policing. London: Croom Helm, 1980.

532.                 Schack, Stephen, et al. Improving Patrol Productivity, Vol 11. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1973.

533.                 Schichor, D., D. Decker, and R. O'Brian. "The Relationship of Criminal Victimization, Police per Capita and Population Density in Twenty-Six Cities." Journal of Criminal Justice. 8:308-16. 1979.

Schorr, Lisbeth B., 1997. Common Purpose: Strengthening Families and Neighborhoods to Rebuild America. New York, NY: Anchor.

534.                 Schmid, C.F. "Urban Crime Areas, Parts 1 and 2", in American Sociological Review, Vol. 25. 1960.

535.                 Schmitt, R.C. "Density, Delinquency and Crime in Honolulu", in Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 41. 1957.

536.                 Schmitt, R.C. "Implications of Density in Hong Kong", Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol. 10. 1963.

537.                 Schneider, Steve and Patti Pearcey. The Theory and Practice of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: A Literature Review. Ottawa: CMHC. 1996.

538.                 Schuessler, K. "Components of Variation in U.S. City Crime Rates", in Social Problems, Vol. 9. 1962.

539.                 Schulz, D. “Strategies for Combining Community Crime Prevention with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: The Transit Experience”, in Security Journal. Vol. 7 (4), pp. 253-257, Dec. 1996.

540.                 Schmid, F. "Urban Crime Areas", in American Sociological Review, Part 1, Vol. 25(4). 1960.

541.                 Scott, P. "The Spatial Analysis of Crime and Delinquency", in the Australian Geographical Studies, Vol. 10. 1972.

542.                 Scrimger, K. (Project Director). Resource Manual on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, from U.S. Department of Justice, NIJ. 1997.

543.                 Sellin, T., and M.E. Wolfgang. The Measurement of Delinquency. New York: Wiley, 1964. (HV 6253.S4)

544.                 Shannon, L.W. The Relationship of Juvenile Delinquency and Adult Crime to the Changing Ecological Structure of the City. Iowa City: Iowa Urban Community Research Center, University of Iowa. 1978.

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611.                 Tucker, Melvin L. and Bill Starnes. Crime prevention through environmental design: The Tallahassee Model. Police Chief. 60(10):130-33.

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Selected Topics in Environmental Criminology

Displacement effects

Allatt, P. "Residential security: Containment and displacement of burglary." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 23:99-116. 1984.

Barr, R. and K. Pease. "Crime Placement, Displacement and Deflection." In M. Tonry and N. Morris (eds.) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Vol. 12. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1990.

Clarke, R.V.G., S. Field, and G. McGrath. "Target hardening of banks in Australia and displacement of robberies." Security Journal. 2:84-90. 1991.

Cornish, Derek and R. V. Clarke. "Understanding Crime Displacement: An Application of Rational Choice Theory." Criminology. 25:933-947. 1987.

Cornish, D.B. and Clarke, R.V. "Crime Specialization, Crime Displacement and Rational Choice Theory. Criminal Behavior and the Justice System: Psychological Perspectives. In H. Wegener, F. Losel and J. Haisch, (eds.). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

Gabor, T. "Crime Displacement and Situational Prevention: Toward the Development of Some Principles." Canadian Journal of Criminology. 32:41-74. 1990.

Mayhew, P., R. V. Clarke, and D. Elliot. "Motorcycle Theft, Helmet Legislation, and Displacement." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 28:1-8. 1989.

Repetto, T. "Crime Prevention and the Displacement Phenomenon", in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 22:166-77. 1976.

Housing

Allatt, P. "Residential security: Containment and displacement of burglary." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 23:99-116. 1984.

Baldwin, J. "Problem Housing Estates - Perceptions of Tenants, City Officials, and Criminologists", in Social and Economic Administration, Vol. 8. 1974.

Baldwin, J. "Urban Criminality and the Problem Estate", in Local Government Studies, Vol. 1. 1975.

Becker, F.D. "The Effect of Physical and Social Factors on Residents' Sense of Security in Multi-Family Housing Developments", in Journal of Architectural Research, Vol. 4(1). February, 1975.

Bennett, Tevor and Richard Wright. Burglars on Burglary: Prevention and the Offender. Brookfield, VT: Gower. 1984.

Blanchard, Janelle. "Proposal for a Model Residential Building Security Code," in U. S. Department of Justice, Deterrence of Crime in and around Residences. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1973.

Bottoms, A.E., and Polii Xanthos. "Housing Policy and Crime in the British Public Sector", in P.J. Brantingham and P.L. Brantingham (eds.)., Environmental Criminology. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland. pp. 203-26.

Brantingham, Patricia and Brantingham, Paul. "Housing Patterns and Burglary in a Medium-Sized American City." in J. Scott and S. Dinitz (eds), Criminal Justice Planning. New York: Praeger, 1977.

Conklin, J.E., and E. Bittner. "Burglary in a Suburb", in Criminology, Vol. 11, 1973.

Cohen, L. and D. Cantor. "Residential Burglary in the United States: Lifestyle and Demographic Factors Associated with the Probability of Victimization", in Journal of Residential Crime and Delinquency. Vol. 18:113-27. 1981.

Cromwell, Paul, Olson, James N., and Avary, Wester. Breaking and Entering: An Ethnographic Analysis of Burglary. Newbury Park: Sage. 1991.

Forrester, D., Chatterton, M. and Pease, K. The Kirkholt Burglary Project, Rochdale. Home Office Crime Prevention Unit, Paper 13. London: HMSO, Home Office. 1988.

Kohn, I.R., K. Frank and A.S. Fox. "Defensible Space Modifications in Row House Communities", Report to the National Science Foundation Institute for Community Design Analysis. New York: 1975.

Logan, John, and Steven Messner. "Racial Residential Segregation and Suburban Violent Crime", Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 68, No. 3, September, 1987.

Molumby, T. "Patterns of Crime in a University Housing Project", American Behavioural Scientist, Vol. 69:411-17. 1976.

Murie, A. “Linking Housing Changes to Crime”, in Social Policy and Administration. Vol. 31 (5), pp. 22-36, Dec. 1997.

Normoyle, Janice Bastlin, and Jeanne M. Foley. "The Defensible Space Model of Fear and Elderly Public Housing Residents", Environment and Behavior, Vol. 20(1):50-74. 1988.

Pease. K. "The Kirkholt Project: Preventing Burglary on a British Public Housing Estate." Security Journal. Vol. d2:73-77.1991.

Peiser, R. “Real Estate Development and Crime Prevention Needs”, from M. Felson and R.V. Clarke (eds.). Business and Crime Prevention, pp. 231-248. Criminal Justice Press: Monsey, NY. 1997.

Phelan, G.F. "Testing 'Academic' Notions of Architectural Design for Burglary Prevention: How Burglars Perveive Cues of Vulnerability in Suburban Housing Complexes," a paper read at American Society of Criminology annual meeting, Atlanta, 1977.

Prak, Neils, and Hugo Priemus, (eds). Post-War Housing in Trouble. Deft, Netherlands: Deft University Press, 1984.

Rengert, G., and J. Wasilchick. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place For Everything. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Books, 1986. (HV 6658.R46)

Roncek, D.W. "Dangerous Places: Crime and Residential Environment", in Social Forces, Vol. 60(1):74-96. 1981.

Stahura, J., C. Hutt, and B. Smith. "Crime in the Suburbs", in Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 15. March, 1980.

Wilson, R. Difficult Housing Estates. London: Tavistock, 1963. (HN 398.B73.W5)

Wilson, S. "Vandalism and Defensible Space on London Housing Estates", in Clarke and Mayhew, Designing Out Crime. London: Home Office, 1980.

Lighting

Atkins, S., S. Husain, and A. Storey. The Influence of Street Lighting on Crime and Fear of Crime. Crime Prevention Unit Paper 28. London: Home Office. 1991.

Burrows, J., and R. Fleming. "The Case for Lighting as a Means of Preventing Crime", Home Office Research Bulletin. No. 22.  London. 1986.

Painter, K. Lighting and Crime Prevention. The Edmonton Project. London: Centre for Criminology, Middlesex Polytechnic. 1988.

Ramsay, M. and R. Newton. The Effect of Better Street Lighting on Crime and Fear: A Review. Crime Prevention Unit Paper 29. London: Home Office. 1991.

Stevens, Owen. "Lighting Design: A Primary Consideration in Crime Prevention and Detection", in Canadian Security. May/June, 1987. pp. 22-24.

Stevens, Owen. "Lighting Design II: How to Protect Against Vandals and Provide Safety for Guards", in Canadian Security. July/August, 1987. pp. 32-34.

Stevens, Owen. "Lighting Design III: Providing Security and Safety for Walkways and Parking Areas", in Canadian Security. September/October, 1987. pp. 18-21.

Stokols, D. “The Paradox of Environmental Psychology”, in American Psychologist. Vol. 50 (10), pp. 821-837, Oct. 1995.

Tien, J.M., U.F. O'Donnell, A. Barnett, and P.B. Mirchandani. Street Lighting Projects. National Evaluation Program Phase 1 Report. National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1979.

Wright, R., M. Heilweil, P. Pelletier and K. Dickinson. The  Impact of Street Lighting on Street Crime. Ann Abor:, MI: University of Michigan. 1974.

Parking facilities

Atkins, S., S. Husain, and A. Storey. The Influence of Street Lighting on Crime and Fear of Crime. Crime Prevention Unit Paper 28. London: Home Office. 1991.

Eck, John and William Spelman. "Theft from Vehicles in Shipyard Parking Lots". In R.V.G. Clarke (ed.), Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies, New York: Harrow and Heston. 1992. pp. 151-163.

Ley, D., and R. Cybriwsky. "The Spatial Ecology of Stripped Cars", in Environment and Behavior, Vol. 6. 1974.

Muir, G. "Car Theft Patterns in Burnaby, British Columbia: A Study in Target Accessibility and Crime," an unpublished seminar paper, Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University. 1978.

Poyner, Barry. "Situational crime prevention in two parking facilities." Security Journal. 2:96-101. 1991.

Smith, M. “Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in Parking Facilities”, from U.S. Department of Justice, NIJ. 1996. www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/cptedpkg.pdf.

Stevens, Owen. "Lighting Design III: Providing Security and Safety for Walkways and Parking Areas", in Canadian Security. September/October, 1987. pp. 18-21.

Population density and crowding

Booth, Alan, S. Welch, and D.R. Johnson. "Crowding and Urban Crime Rates", in Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 11. 1976.

Calhoun, J.B. "Population Density and Social Pathology", in Scientific American, Vol. 206. 1962.

Chalmers, Joseph, and Paul McCauley. "Urban Crime Rate Density Analysis for Productive Resourse Response", in Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol. 9. 1981.

Fisher, C.S., M. Baldassare, and R.J. Ofshe. "Crowding Studies and Urban Life: A Critical Review", in Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol. 41. 1975. (BF 469.F58)

Freedman, J.L. "Population Density, Juvenile Delinquency and Mental Illness in New York City", in S.M. Mazie (ed), Commission on Population Growth and the American Future. Research report, Vol 5, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1972.

Freedman, J.L. Crowding and Behavior. San Francisco: Freeman, 1975. (BF 353.F7)

Galle, O.R., W. Gove, and J.M. McPherson. "Population Density and Pathology", in Science, Vol. 176. 07 April, 1972.

Gillis, A.R. "Population Density and Social Pathology: The Case of Building Type, Social Allowance and Juvenile Delinquency", Social Forces, Vol. 53:306-314. 1974.

Higgins, P.C., P.J. Richards, and J.H. Swan. "Crowding and Crime Rates: A Comment", in Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 11. 1976.

Kvalseth, T.O. "A Note on the Effects of Population Density and Unemployment on Urban Crime," in Criminology, Vol. 15, 1977.

McCarthy, J.D., O.R. Galle, and W. Zimmerman. "Population Density, Social Structure, and Interpersonal Violence," in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 18, 1975.

McCauley, Paul, and Joseph Chalmers. "Urban Crime Rate Density Analysis For Productive Resource Response", in Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol. 9. 1981.

Roncek, D.W. "Density and Crime: A Methodological Critique", in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 18. 1975.

Rossmo, K. D., and R. Routledge. "Estimating the Size of Criminal Populations", in Journal of Quantitative Criminology. Vol. 6(3):293-314. 1990.

Sacco, Vincent. "City Size and Perception of Crime", in Canadian Journal of Sociology, Vol. 10(3). 1985.

Shihadeh, E., and G. Ousey. “Metropolitan Expansion and Black Social Dislocation”, in Social Forces. Vol. 75 (2), pp. 649-666, Dec. 1996.

Public transit

Brantingham, P.J., P.L. Brantingham and P. S. Wong. "How Public Transit Feeds Private Crime: Notes on the Vancouver Skytrain Experience." Security Journal. 2:91-95. 1991.

DesChamps, S., Brantingham, P.L. and Brantingham, P.J. "The British Columbia Transit Fare Evasion Audit: A Description of a Situational Prevention Process." Security Journal. 2:211-218. 1991.

Burrows, J. "Closed Circuit Television and Crime on the London Underground." In. R.V.G. Clarke and P. Mayhew (eds.). Designing Out Crime. London:HMSO.

Felson, Marcus et al. "Preventing Crime at Newark Subway Stations." Security Journal. 1(3):137-142. 1990.

Gaylord, M.S. and J.F. Galliher. "Riding the underground dragon: Crime control and public order on Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway." British Journal of Criminology. 31:15-26. 1991.

Hann, B., and B. Billingsley. Security in the Toronto Transit System. Toronto: The Research Group. 1981.

Kabundi, M., and A. Normandeau. "Crime in the Montreal Subway." International Criminology and Police Review. May-June, 1987. pp. 24-27.

La Vigne, N. “Safe Transport: Security by Design on the Washington Metro”, in R. V. Clarke’s (ed.) Preventing Mass Transit Crime, pp. 163-197, 1996.

La Vigne, N. “Visibility and Vigilance: Metro’s Situational Approach to Preventing Subway Crime”, from U.S. Department of Justice, NIJ. 1997. http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/166372.pdf.

Levine, N., and M. Wachs. "Factors Affecting the Incidence of Bus Crime in Los Angeles." Report No. CA-06-0195. Washington, DC: Office of Technical Assistance, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.

Myhre, M., and F. Rosso. “Designing for Security in Meteor: A Projected New Metro Line in Paris”, from R.V. Clarke (ed.). Preventing Mass Transit Crime, pp. 199-216, 1996.

Saville, Gregory. "Transdisciplinarity, Environmental Criminology, and the Toronto Subway Security Audit," Security Journal. Vol. 2(4):291-296. 1991.

Schulz, D. “Strategies for Combining Community Crime Prevention with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: The Transit Experience”, in Security Journal. Vol. 7 (4), pp. 253-257, Dec. 1996.

Shellow, R., J.P. Romualdi, and E.W. Bartel. "Crime in Rapid Transit Systems: An Analysis and a Recommended Security and Surveillance System." Transportation Research Record, 487, 1-12. 1974.

Sloan-Howitt, M., and Kelling, G. "Subway Graffiti in New York City: Getting Up vs. Meaning It and Cleaning It." Security Journal. Vol. 1:131-136. 1990.

Stoks, F. G. Assessing Urban Public Space Environments for Danger of Violent Crime - Especially Rape. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. 1982.

Sturman, A. "Damage on Busses: The Effects of Supervision", in R.V.G. Clarke and P. Mayhew (eds), Designing Out Crime. London: HMSO, 1980.

Wagner, A. “A Study of Traffic Pattern Modifications in an Urban Crime Prevention Program”, in Journal of Criminal Justice. Vol. 25 (1), pp. 19-30, 1997.

Schools and Colleges

Baldwin, J. "A Critique of Delinquent Schools in Tower Hamlets", in British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 12. 1972.

Crowe, Timothy D. "Designing Safer Schools," School Safety Fall, 1990. pp. 9-13.

Kenney, D. “Crime in the Schools: A Problem-Solving Approach”, from U.S. Department of Justice, NIJ. August 1998.

Lindstrom, P. “Patterns of School Crime: A Replication and Empirical Extension”, in British Journal of Criminology. Vol. 37 (1), pp. 121-130, winter 1997.

Molumby, T. "Patterns of Crime in a University Housing Project," in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 20, 1976.

Pablant, P. and J.C. Baxter. "Environmental Correlates of School Vandalism" in Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol. 41. 1975.

Roncek, D.W., and Antoinette Lobosco. "The Effect of High Schools on Crime in Their Neighborhoods", in Social Sciences Quarterly, Vol 64(3). September, 1983.

Street layout

Baumer, T.L. and A. Hunter. Street Traffic, Social Integration, and Fear of Crime. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Center for Urban Affairs. 1978.

Beavon, Daniel J. Crime and Environmental Opportunity Structure: The Influence of Street Networks on the Patterning of Property Offences. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia. 1984.

Bevis, C., and J.B. Nutter. Changing Street Layouts to Reduce Residential Burglary. St. Paul, Minn: Governor's Commission of Crime Prevention and Control. 1977.

Costanzo, C.M., Halperin, W. and Gale, N. "Criminal Mobility and the Directional Component in Journeys to Crime." In R. Figlio, S. Hakim and G. Rengert. Eds., Metropolitan Crime Patterns. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press, pp. 73-96.

Crutchfield, Robert, Michael Geerken, and Walter Gove. "Crime Rate and Social Integration: The Impact of Metropolitan Mobility", in Criminology-An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 20 (3-4). November, 1982.

Greenberg, S., and W. Rohe. "Neighborhood Design and Crime: A Test of Two Perspectives." Journal of the American Planning Association. 49:48-61. 1984.

Poyner, Barry. "Crime Prevention and the Environment: Street Attacks in City Centres", in Police Research Bulletin, No. 37, Autumn, 1981.

Poyner, Barry. A Study of Street Attacks and Their Environmental Settings. London: The Tavistock Institute of Human Relations. 1980.

White, Garland F. "Neighborhood Permeability and Burglary Rates." Justice Quarterly. 7(1):57-67. 1990.

CPTED and urban planning

Casteel, C., Peek-Asa, C. & Kraus, J. F. (2000). Evaluation of a Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Intervention in Reducing Violence in Liquor Stores. American Journal of Epidemiology, 151(11), S83.

Giacopassi, D. & Forde, D. (2000). Broken Windows, crumpled fenders, and crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25(5), 397(8).

Lehrer, E. (2000). Crime-fighting and urban renewal. The Public Interest, p. 91.

Clark, D. (1998). Healthy Cities: model for community improvement. Public Management, 80(11), 4(5).

School crime

Carter, S. P. & Carter, S. L. (2001). Planning Safer Schools. American School & University, 73(12), 168.

Moore, D. P. (1999). Designing Safer Schools. School Planning and Management, 38(8), 12(1).

Urban design

Donnelly, P. G. & Kimble, C. E. (1997). Community organizing, environmental changes, and neighborhood crime. Crime and Delinquency, 43(4), 494(19).

Green, D. P., Strolovitch, D. Z. & Wong, J. S. (1998). Defended Neighborhoods, Integration, and Racially Motivated Crime(1). The American Journal of Sociology, 104(2), 372(1).

Murphy, P. M. (2000). Grounds for Protection. Security Management, 44(10), 84.

Taylor, R. B. (1997). Social Order & Disorder of Street Blocks and Neighborhoods. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34(1), 113(42).

Weatherburn, D., Bronwyn, L. & Ku, S. (1999). “Hotbeds of crime?”: crime and public housing in urban Sydney. Crime and Delinquency, 45(2), 256(1).

Jobes, P. C. (1999). Residential Stability and Crime in small rural agricultural and recreational towns. Sociological Perspectives, 42(3), 499.

Transportation and crime

Loukaitou-Sideris, A. (2000). Hot spots of bus stop crime. Journal of Planning Literature, 14(3), NA.

Wagner, A.(1997). Study of Traffic Patterns modified in an urban Community Policing Program. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25(1), 19(11).

Pryborowski, D. (2001). Program S.P.L.A.T.s Parking Lot Crime. College Planning  Management, 4(6), 20.

Neighborhood factors and crime prevention

Ludwig, J., Duncan, G. J., & Hirschfield, P. (2001). Urban Poverty and Juvenile Crime: Evidence from a Randomized Housing-Mobility Experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116 (2), 655.

Lusher, J. G. (1998). Security the natural way. Journal of Property Management, 63(6), NA.

Michael, S. E., Hull, B. & Zahm, D. L. (2001). Environmental Factors Influencing Auto Burglary: A Case Study. Environmental and Behavior, 33(3), 368-388.

Nason, R. (2000). Maintaining security in an insecure world. Architectural Record, 188(12), 156(6).

Painter, K. A. & Farrington, D. P. (2001).Evaluating Situational Crime Prevention using a young people’s survey. British Journal of Criminology, 41(2), 266.

Radzik, L. (2001). Collective Responsibility and Duties to Respond. Social Theory and Practice, 27(3), 455.

Richman, T. (1998). What does science say about crime prevention? Security Management, 42(11), 110.

Weisburd, D. (1997). Reorienting crime prevention research and policy: From the causes of criminality to the context of crime. National Institute of Justice Report. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.